Diphtheria
What is diphtheria?
Diphtheria (Greek – skin, film) – an acute infectious disease primarily of children with lesions of the throat, less often – the nose, eyes, etc., the formation of fibrinous plaque and general intoxication of the organism. Pathogen – Leffler coli produce toxins, which causes the main symptoms of the disease. Infection from patients and bacillicarriers through the air (by coughing, sneezing) and subjects. Ill not all positive Revatio online purchase. Most formed healthy bacteriocarrier. In recent years there has been a tendency to increase the incidence, seasonal rises occur in the fall.
Symptoms, signs and course of diphtheria.
Symptoms of diphtheria
By location distinguish diphtheria pharynx, larynx, nose, rarely – eye, ear, skin, genitals, wounds. In place of the localization of the microbe is formed removable hard grayish-white film in the form of films, hawk (with lesions of the larynx and bronchi) as a replica of the bodies. The incubation period of 2-10 days (usually 3-5). Currently dominated diphtheria throat (98%). Bluetongue diphtheria throat is not always recognized: the general condition of patients when it is almost unchanged. There is moderate weakness, pain in swallowing, low-grade temperature of the body. Swelling of the tonsils and slight increase limfatichekih nodes. This form can result in recovery or to a more typical forms.
Ostrovchaty form diphtheria throat is also characterized by a slight current, a small fever. At the tonsils single or multiple areas fibrinous films. Lymph nodes are increased moderately.
For scarious diphtheria throat with relatively acute onset, fever, more pronounced symptoms of intoxication. Tonsils swollen, on the surface of the solid dense whitish with a pearl tint film – fibrinous raids. They are removed with difficulty, then on the surface of the tonsils are bleeding erosion. Region lymph nodes are enlarged and somewhat painful. No specific therapy process can progress and move in a more severe form (widespread and toxic). Fly, with a tendency to spread beyond the arc in the tonsils, tongue, side and rear walls of the pharynx.
Severe cases of toxic diphtheria throat start with the rapidly increasing body temperature to 39-40 degrees Celsius and symptoms of general intoxication. Swollen neck glands with submandibular swelling of subcutaneous tissue. When toxic diphtheria first-degree edema reaches the middle of the neck, in the second degree – up to the clavicle, in the third – below the clavicle. Sometimes the swelling extends to the face. Characteristic pale skin, bluish lips, tachycardia, lowering blood pressure.
Any damage to the nasal mucosa observed sukrovichnye selection. In severe lesions of the larynx – shortness of breath, young children in a stenotic breathing with traction epigastric and intercostal spaces. The voice becomes hoarse (Athos), there is barking cough (picture diphtheria croup). When diphtheria eye swelling century marked more or less dense texture, profuse pyorrhea the conjunctiva century, it is difficult detachable serovatozheltye raids. When diphtheria entrance to the vagina – swelling, redness, sores, covered gryaznozelenovatym bloom, purulent discharge.
Complications: myocarditis, lesions of the nervous system, usually manifested in the form of paralysis. Often observed paralysis of the soft palate, limbs, vocal cords, muscles of the neck and airway. There may come a fatal outcome due to respiratory paralysis, asphyxia (suffocation) when croup.
Recognition of diphtheria.
To confirm a diagnosis necessarily isolated from patients toxicogenic diphtheria bacilli.
Treatment of diphtheria.
The primary method of specific therapy – the immediate introduction of antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum, which introduced fractional. When toxic diphtheria and croup injected corticosteroids. A detoxification therapy, vitamin therapy, treatment with oxygen. Sometimes when croup require urgent surgical intervention (intubation or tracheotomy) to avoid death from asphyxia.
Prevention of diphtheria.
The basis of prevention – immunization. Uses the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) and the ADB.
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