Typhoid
What is typhoid fever?
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever – an acute infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella. The causative agent can persist in soil and water up to 1-5 months. Die when heated, and the action of conventional disinfectants buy Noroxin online.
The only source of infection – a sick man and bacillicarriers. Sticks typhoid transferred directly by dirty hands, flies, sewage. Dangerous outbreaks associated with consumption of infected food products (milk, cold meat dishes, etc.).
Symptoms, signs and course of typhoid fever.
The incubation period lasts from 1 to 3 weeks. In typical cases, the disease begins gradually. Patients malaise, weakness, fatigue, mild headache. In subsequent days, these phenomena increase, body temperature begins to rise to 39-40 degrees Celsius, decreases or disappears appetite, disturbed sleep (sleepiness during the day and insomnia at night). There is a delay in the chair, the phenomenon of bloating. By day 7.9 of disease on the skin of upper abdomen and lower parts of the chest, usually on the anterolateral surface, there is a characteristic rash, which is a small red spots with sharp edges, diameter of 2-3 mm above the level of the skin (roseola). Instead of disappearing roseola may appear new. Peculiar characteristic retardation patients, pale face, decrease in heart rate and blood pressure reduction. Above the light scattered dry auscultated wheezing – a manifestation of a specific bronchitis. Tongue dry, cracked, covered with a dirty-brown or brown film, edge and tip of the tongue are free from attack, with imprints of teeth. There is a rough rumbling of the cecum and tenderness in the right iliac region, liver and spleen were enlarged on palpation. It reduces the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood, especially neytrofillov and eozinofillov.
ESR remains normal or rises to 15-20 mm / hour. By week 4 of the state of the patients gradually improved, lowered body temperature, headache disappears, there is an appetite. Threatening complications of typhoid fever is intestinal perforation and intestinal bleeding.
In recognition of the disease of great importance is the timely identification of the main symptoms are: high body temperature lasting more than a week, headache, adynamia – reduction of motor activity, loss of energy, sleep disturbance, appetite, and a characteristic rash, sensitivity to palpation in the right ilium, abdomen, liver enlargement and spleen. From the laboratory tests used to refine the diagnosis of bacteriological (immunofluorescence method), blood cultures on Wednesday Rapponorta or bile broth; serological studies – a reaction Vidal and others
Treatment of typhoid fever.
The main antimicrobial agent – levomitsetin. Assign 0,5-0,75 grams, 4 times a day for 10-12 days until normalization of temperature. Intravenously injected 5% glucose solution, isotonic solution of sodium chloride (500-1000 mg). In severe cases – corticosteroids (prednisolone at a dose of 30-40 ml / day). Patients must comply with strict bed rest at least 7-10 days.
Prevention of typhoid fever.
Sanitary supervision of food enterprises, water supply, sanitation. Early identification of patients and their isolation. Disinfection of rooms, linen, crockery, which is boiled after drinking, fighting flies. Clinical supervision for recover from typhoid fever. Specific vaccination vaccine.
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