Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the secretion of acid into the stomach by the acid-secreting cells with a different mechanism than H2 blockers. More specifically, PPIs inhibit the proton pump of the parietal cells (the stomach
This group of acid-blocking medications works by blocking the receptors for histamine receptors in the stomach wall. Histamine is a chemical that stimulates the acid-producing cells of the stomach. These drugs are also known as histamine antagonists because they block the histamine type 2 receptor. They are best taken 30 minutes before meals and at nighttime before bed to prevent heartburn. These medications are available in lower doses over the counter or at higher doses by prescription only.
H2 blockers are effective for relieving the symptoms of GERD, especially heartburn. They are easily accessible over the counter. They are not effective in the prevention or treatment of inflammation and erosion of the esophagus (esophagitis) that can occur with GERD.
Side effects may include constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, insomnia, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. Other side effects include irregular heartbeat, impotence, rash, visual changes, allergic reactions, and hepatitis. Side effects due to cimetidine are rare and generally are reversible once the medication is stopped.Minor side effects include constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, insomnia, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. Major side effects include confusion and hallucinations (usually in elderly or critically ill patients); enlargement of the breasts; impotence (usually seen in patients on high doses for prolonged periods); decreased white blood cell counts. Other side effects include irregular heartbeat, rash, visual changes, allergic reactions, and hepatitis.
A study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that long-term use of H2 blockers may increase the risk of mental decline in later life. Researchers looked at the use of H2 blockers among 1,558 over-65 African Americans enrolled in a study of aging. The study showed that after taking into account other factors, elderly people who reported
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly referred to as GERD or acid reflux, is a common condition that affects more than 60 million Americans at least once a month. It occurs when the liquid content of the stomach backs up into the esophagus. This backflow occurs when the valve between the lower esophageal sphincter and the stomach fails to close properly, permitting stomach acid and other liquid contents to back up. The stomach acid irritates and can damage the lining of the esophageal tissues and causes pain.